الثلاثاء، 27 سبتمبر 2011

Pakistan in days gone by / Old Photographs

  

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Bazaar street at Shikarpur in Sindh, taken by an unknown photographer in the 1890s.

The mud daub roof, supported on a wooden framework, is largely collapsed. The historic town of Shikarpur, founded in the 17th century, was once an important trading centre.

Due to its strategic location on the caravan routes of the 17th century, Shikarpur became the greatest commercial city in Sindh. Its merchants and bankers held commercial relations with all the principal markets of Central Asia, including Khorasan, Bukhara and Samarkand. Commercial cities of the Muslim world were known for their central covered bazaars and Shikarpur was no exception, its bazaar, lined with shops mostly run by Hindu merchants, ran through the centre of the old city, which is now much decayed.

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The bridge of boats across the Indus and the Attock fort, seen from Khairabad, taken by John Burke in 1878.
John Burke accompanied the Peshawar Valley Field Force, one of three British Anglo-Indian army columns deployed in the Second Afghan War [1878-80], despite being rejected for the role of official photographer.

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Shrine of Zind Pir at Sukkur in the Shikarpur District of Sindh in Pakistan, taken by Henry Cousens in 1896-7. This view looks across the causeway towards the entrance to the tomb.

Cousens wrote in the Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey of Sindh, 1897, "Upon the upper side of Bukkur, and joined to it at low water, is the compact little island upon which, under the cool shade of some large trees, is the famous shrine of Zinda or 'Jind' Pir. The island has been raised and protected against the corrosion of the river by retaining walls of strong rubble masonry all around. The great gateway facing Rohri is a far more imposing structure than the mean little domed shrine itself. The latter occupies the centre of the island, and is a remarkable plain small square building surmounted by a low dome..."

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Photograph with a view looking over the houses of the town towards the Baluch Lines of the Karachi Cantonment, taken by an unknown photographer, c.1900, from an album of 46 prints titled 'Karachi Views'.

Karachi - one of the world's largest metropolises.
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View on approaching Lahore from West - 1908
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Sukkur 1860's
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Lawrence and Montgomery Halls, Lahore. Two large Halls for public meetings built by subscription in honour of Sir John Lawrence and Sir Robert Montgomery.
Pedestrian traffic on the street, Lahore - 1946.
Kabul River, Peshawar - 1878.
Church at Gujranwala in Punjab from the Brandreth Collection, 1865.

Gujranwala was an important city for Sikhs it was the birthplace of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the home of his father, Mahan Singh and grandfather, Charan Singh. Ranjit Singh [1780-1839], known as the 'Lion of the Punjab' was one of the most celebrated rulers in India, he persuaded rival Sikh chieftans to unite forming the first Sikh Kingdom of Punjab.

Lord Mayo's party taken in Peshawar Bazaar and one of the series of views by Baker & Burke illustrating his visit to the city in 1870, whilst travelling through the North West Frontier Province.
Jahangir's Tomb, Shahadara - 1849.
Old Bungalow in Lahore from the 'Bellew Collection: Photograph album of Surgeon-General Henry Walter Bellew' taken by an unknown photographer c.1870.

In the background of the photograph we can see the cupolas of the Punjabi Library.
Kwetta - The military station was designed by Sir Hugh Barnes in 1881 and laid out on systematic lines of which broad axial roads were a predominant feature.
Wazir Khan's Mosque in Lahore - 1880.
Government Primary School, Jhang, 1890s.
Captain Mackenzie's house at Abbottabad.

Abbottabad was founded in 1853 by Major James Abbott, the first Deputy Commissioner of the Hazara District [1847-53].

Punjabi Public Library in Lahore from the 'Bellew Collection, 1870'.
Murree Brewery - 1860.
Ranjit Singh Tomb, Lahore - 1863.
Sikhs walking beside two-wheeled, horse-drawn wagon on a busy city street, Lahore - September 1946.
Kurrachee [Karachi], Harbor - 1860.
Ziarat - 1881.
Saddar Bazar, Rawalpindi - 1910.
Town Hall, Quetta before 1935 Earthquake.
GT Road, Peshawar Fort and surroundings from Jail - 1878.
River Kabul and Fort Attock, near Nowshera -1860s

Temple at Hurripore [Hazara District]

Small shrine at Haripur, North West Frontier Province, taken by an unknown photographer in the 1860s. This temple has two cat-like stone figures guarding the steps. The town of Haripur was founded in 1822 by Sardar Hari Singh, the Sikh Governor of Hazara. It became the headquarters of the Haripur tehsil of the Hazara District after annexation. However, it was abandoned in favour of Abbottabad in 1853.


July 1947.

Just one month before the Partition was announced.

The Modern Pakistan of July 1947.

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السبت، 24 سبتمبر 2011

وتـاه معنى الرجولـة



جرت العادة على وصف المرأة بالرجولة عندما تحسن التصرف فى موقف من المواقف التى تعودها الناس أن لا تصدر إلا من الرجال يقولون: فلانة وقفت وقفة رجالة ... وأحيانا توصف بأنها بمائة رجل من فرط الأعجاب بها في حين تسلب صفة الرجولة من بعض الرجال عندما يقفون وقفة لا تليق بالرجال
عندما تخلى بعض الرجال وفروا أمام العدو فى معركة أحد وقف رسول الله صل الله عليه وسلم فى ثبات وحده ... جاءت امرأة من المسلمين لتأخذ دور الرجولة فى موقف يجب أن تتجلى فيه فأخذت سيفا من يد أحد الفارين ووقفت وقفة رجل مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه والجراح تتفجر دما من جسدها ولا تبالى لما اصابها حتى انقذت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
وهو يقول: من يطيق ما تطيقين يا أم عمارة ؟
وإذا كان الرسول صل الله عليم وسلم قد لعن المتشبهات من النساء بالرجال فإنه بارك مواقف الرجولة من بعض نساء المؤمنين كأمثال أم عمارة وذلك فى ميادين الحق والقتال ونصرة الدين الرجولة ... إنها صفة يحبها الله ورسوله لكل الناس رجالا كانوا أم نساء
رجل ... كلمة لا تقال إلا لصفوة البشر
كلمة.. حين تسمعها لا تستطيع إلا أن تقرنها بتحمل المسؤولية والثبات على الحق والوفاء بالعهد ومع ذلك.. تاه معناها واختلط مفهومها الحقيقى عند الكثير من الناس العجب كل العجب أن يرى أحدهم أن الرجولة ما هى إلا تحرر فكري ومادي يكسر بهما كل القيود ... حرية تكفل له فعل أي شئ وكل شئ في أي وقت وفي أي مكان ومنهم من يرى أن الرجولة هيمنة وسيطرة وزعامة وفرض رأي ... وهناك من يراها قوة وشجاعة وفتوة وصوت جهوري سواء فى الحق أو في الباطل
والان ... تعددت المفاهيم الخاطئة للرجولة وتاه معناها فى هذا الزمان
عندما تهتز القيم ويعم الفجور ويموت الحياء وتنعدم المروءة ويستبد الهوى
لا تسأل أين الرجــال؟
عندما ترى الرقعاء فى كل مكان
لا تسأل أين الرجــال؟
عندما تعول النساء البيوت في وجود الرجال
لا تسأل أين الرجــال؟
عندما ترى المقاهى والنوادى مرتع للكسالى الخاملين
لا تسأل أين الرجــال؟
سنبحر إلى دنيا الرجال كما وصفها الحق تبارك وتعالى فى كتابه العزيز
وعن معنى الرجولة وقيمتها ومقوماتها وكيفية الوصول إليها إليكم هذه المقتطفات
حتى لا يضيع معنى الرجولة
كل رجل ذكر وليس كل ذكر رجل
الرجولة صفة تجلت فى مواقف عديدة ذكرها الحق تبارك وتعالى فى كتابه الكريم
صفة اقترنت بكل المواطن المحببة لله ورسوله
اقترنت بنصرة الحق والثبات عليه ... اقترنت بالنبوة والصبر والتضحية لإعلاء لا إله إلا الله اقترنت بإعمار بيوت الله والإسراع إلى الصفوف الأولى اقترنت
بالقيادة والقوامة
{ الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّـهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ }﴿النساء: ٣٤﴾

 
الرجال قوامون
قوامون على مصالح الاسرة بالرعاية والتربية والانفاق
مهام عظيمة تحتاج إلى الرجال فقالها الحق صريحة الرجال قوامون
القوامة ... ما هى إلا نوع من التكليف خصة الحق تبارك وتعالى بفئة معينة من البشر ... لها طبيعة خاصة قادرة على تحمل المسؤلية والتحكم فى مجريات الأمور بالصورة التى تضمن سعادة الأسرة وضبط موازين الأمور بقيادة حكيمة رشيدة هكذا دائما الرجال كما وصفهم الحق تبارك وتعالى دائما فى كل مواقف
التحمل والثبات والقيادة
الذكورة تصنيف وحظ من رب العالمين يبدأ منذ الميلاد ... أما الرجولة صفة مكتسبة تصنعها التربية ومواقف الحياة صفة الرجولة لا تذكر إلا عندما نتحدث عن القوامة, النبوة, الامامة الولاية, الجهاد, الشهادة تحمل المسؤولية, صدق العهد, الثبات على الحق التضحية, المروءة, الشهامة, الفتوة, علو الهمة
حسن الخلق, كمال العقل , اغاثة الملهوف
إنها صفة تلازم المخلصين ... الذين وقفوا مواقف البطولة بصدق وعزيمة إنها تلازم صفة الصبر
الصبر على العبادات
الصبر على الطاعات
الصبر على المحن والابتلائات
كما إنها صفة تلازم الأوفياء وتتمم صفة الوفاء
الوفاء بالعهد مع الله
الوفاء بالعهد مع الناس
الوفاء بالعهد مع النفس
الرجولة... هى صفة لأعلى مراتب الكمال والرشد والنضج ... صفة لتمام العقل ونضج الفكر والثبات
في مواطن الحق وفي رحلتنا إلى دنيا الرجال ومن
أجل صحوة تنقلنا من دنيا الذكور إلى دنيا الرجال
رجال لا تلهيهم تجارة ولا بيع عن ذكر الله
وصف الحق تبارك وتعالى
عمار بيوت الله بأنهم رجال
{ فِي بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللَّـهُ أَن تُرْفَعَ وَيُذْكَرَ فِيهَا اسْمُهُ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ فِيهَا بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ* رِجَالٌ لَّا تُلْهِيهِمْ تِجَارَةٌ وَلَا بَيْعٌ عَن ذِكْرِ اللَّـهِ وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ يَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا تَتَقَلَّبُ فِيهِ الْقُلُوبُ وَالْأَبْصَارُ} ﴿النور: ٣٦, ٣٧﴾
 
رجال ... وأي رجال
رجال ترفعوا عن المال فى مواطن الصلاة وذكر الله
رجال ترفعوا عن البخل فى مواطن العطاء والبذل والجود
رجال ترفعوا عن اللهو في مواطن الجد
قلبوبهم تنبض بحب الله وذكره
قلوبهم تخشى تقلب القلوب
قلوبهم لا تعرف للنفاق طريق
قلوب ترجوا رحمته وتبتغى رضاه
نفوس طاهرة فى الظاهر والباطن
فيهم قال الحق تبارك وتعالى عندما تحدث عن مسجد ضرار الذى أسسه المنافقون بمشورة من اليهود ونهى نبيه عن الإقامة فيه
{ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مَسْجِدًا ضِرَارًا وَكُفْرًا وَتَفْرِيقًا بَيْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَإِرْصَادًا لِّمَنْ حَارَبَ اللَّـهَ وَرَسُولَهُ مِن قَبْلُ وَلَيَحْلِفُنَّ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا الْحُسْنَىٰ وَاللَّـهُ يَشْهَدُ إِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ*. لَا تَقُمْ فِيهِ أَبَدًا لَّمَسْجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَىٰ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّـهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ }﴿التوبة: ١٠٧ ,١٠٨﴾
 
يحبون أن يتطهروا
رجال جنتهم ومنتداهم بيوت الله
رجال الصفوف الأولى لكل صلاة
رجال.. أين هم الآن؟
أين هم من طال حنين بيوت الله إلى صلاتهم وركوعهم وسجودهم وتسبيحهم ؟
أين أنتم أيها الرجال ؟